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Background At present, China's Public places health management regulations list 7 categories and 28 sub-categories of public places, but infant and young child swimming places are not in the list yet. Objective To understand the microbial pollution status in commercial infant and young child swimming places in Shijiazhuang City, compare with the microbial pollution in other five types of public places, and find the potential safety hazards in infant and young child swimming places. Methods A total of 3438 microbial samples were collected from the environment of infant and young child swimming places and 5 types of public places (hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets, and conventional swimming places) in Shijiazhuang City from 2021 to 2022. Sampling and monitoring were carried out according to the requirements of Examination methods for public places—Part 6: Technical specifications of health monitoring (GB/T 18204.6-2013). Chi-square test was used to compare hygiene qualification by microbial indicators, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare overall distributions of total bacterial counts on the surface of public articles. Results From 2021 to 2022, the highest qualified rate of microbial indicators on the surface of public articles was Staphylococcus aureus (100%) for all tested public places in Shijiazhuang City, followed by coliforms (99.44%), and that of total bacterial count was relative low (92.83%). The qualified rate of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 87.76%, and the qualified rates in hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets were all above 92%, and the difference among the 5 types of places was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest value of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 80000 CFU·(25 cm2)−1 [100 CFU·(25 cm2)−1=4 CFU·cm−2]; that in 4 types of public places such as hotels (except mouthwash cups), barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets was 2500 CFU·(25 cm2)−1. The difference of total bacteria count on the surface of public articles was statistically significant in comparing infant and young child swimming places with hotels (except mouthwash cups) or barber stores (H=5.432, H=2.997, both Ps<0.05); but the difference was not significant in comparing with waiting rooms and shopping malls or supermarkets (P>0.05). The qualified rates of total bacteria count and coliforms in pool water of infant and young child swimming places were 45.99% and 74.69% respectively, and the two indicators in pool water of conventional swimming places were 94.57% and 98.91% respectively; both showed significant differences between the two types of public places (χ2=162.532, χ2=71.910, both Ps<0.001). Conclusion Compared to conventional swimming places, hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets, the infant and young child swimming places are not optimistic in hygiene condition; therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate national health standards for infants and young child swimming places, and include them in standard management to further improve their hygiene condition.
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Background@#This study aimed to investigate 1) long-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation (DBS), such as mortality after DBS as well as the causes of death, 2) demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing mortality, and 3) comorbidities affecting mortality after DBS in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). @*Methods@#This study analyzed the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database. Data on patients with PD diagnosis codes from 2002 to 2019 were extracted and analyzed. Data on the causes of death were obtained by linking the causes of death to data from Statistics Korea. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals. Regarding comorbidities such as PD dementia and fracture, which did not satisfy the assumption for the proportional HR, timedependent Cox analysis with the Mantel-Byar method was used. @*Results@#From 2005 to 2017, among 156,875 patients diagnosed with PD in Korea, 1,079 patients underwent DBS surgery, and 251 (23.3%) had died by 2019. The most common cause of death (47.1%) was PD. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the higher the age at diagnosis and surgery, the higher the mortality rate. The men and medical aid groups had significantly higher mortality rates. PD dementia and fracture were identified as risk factors for mortality. @*Conclusion@#Older age at diagnosis and surgery, being male, the use of medical aid, and the comorbidity of dementia and fractures were associated with a higher risk of mortality after DBS in patients with PD. Neurologists should consider these risk factors in assessing the prognosis of PD patients undergoing DBS.
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Objective:To investigate the tumor perfusion enhancement induced by low intensity ultrasound stimulated microbubble cavitation (USMC) combined with programmed cell death-Ligand 1(PD-L1) antibody on improving the immune microenvironment of solid tumors.Methods:Tumor-bearing mice were divided into 4 groups: Control ( n=26) group, USMC ( n=27) group, anti-PD-L1 ( n=27) group and USMC+ anti-PD-L1 ( n=27) group. USMC treatment was performed with a VINNO 70 ultrasound theranostics system. Tumor perfusion was evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The anti-tumor efficacy was assessed by the tumor growth curve and the survival time of mice. The number and function of CD8 + T cells, the differentiation of CD4 + T cells, the proportion of MDSC and the phenotype distribution of TAM in tumors were analyzed by flow cytometry. The content of CXCL9, CXCL10 and HIF-1α in tumor were detected by ELISA. The expression of VEGF in tumor tissues was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results:CEUS showed that the values of PI and AUC of tumors were significantly increased after USMC compared with before USMC (all P<0.05). USMC combined with anti-PD-L1 therapy did suppress the tumor progression. FCM showed the number, the expression of proliferation antigen Ki67, the secretion of IFN-γ and Granzyme B of CD8 + T cells in tumors were higher in combined group than those in other three groups after therapy (all P<0.05). Meantime, the proportion of Th1 was rose while Tregs and MDSC were declined and the polarization of TAM was toward M1 type by combined therapy. ELISA analysis showed that the combined therapy also increased the concentration of CXCL9, CXCL10 and decreased the content of HIF-1α in tumors (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the immunofluorescence expression of VEGF was significantly lower in combined group than that in the control group after treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Tumor perfusion enhancement by USMC combined with PD-L1 antibody therapy could improve tumor immune microenvironment and USMC might be a novel effective method for potentiating PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy.
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Objective:Explore the characteristics of injury current changes in ventricular septal myocardium during left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) surgery.Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical data of patients who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation at The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi in Jiangsu Province from January 2020 to November 2022. Among them, 42 patients were treated with LBBAP (LBBAP group) and 56 patients with Right ventricle septum pacing (RVSP group). Compare the conventional parameters such as threshold, perception, impedance during electrode implantation, damage current values at 0, 5, and 10 minutes before and after electrode rotation, and the correlation between damage current and conventional parameters. The measurement data is represented by xˉ± s, analysis of variance is used for comparison between multiple groups, t-test is used for comparison between two groups, and repeated measurement analysis of variance is used for comparison between two groups at multiple time points; Counting data is represented as an example (%), and inter group comparisons are made using χ 2 Inspection; Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the two variables. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in pacing threshold, perception, and impedance between the two groups of electrode implantation surgery (all P>0.05). The damage current values at 0, 5, and 10 minutes before and after electrode rotation in the LBBAP group were higher than those in the RVSP group [(7.19±1.26) mV compared to (5.33±0.79) mV, (22.50±3.06) mV compared to (10.85±1.70) mV, (15.75±2.63) mV compared to (8.01±1.09) mV, (9.24±2.00) mV compared to (5.51±0.98) mV]. The damage current values at 0 minutes after electrode rotation in both groups were higher than before electrode rotation, and gradually decreased thereafter, After 10 minutes of electrode placement, the damage current value of the LBBAP group was still higher than the level before electrode rotation (all P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the RVSP group and the level before electrode rotation ( P>0.05). The damage current value at 0 minutes after the LBBAP group electrode was in place was positively correlated with ventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness ( r values 0.45 and 0.46, P values 0.003 and 0.002, respectively), and negatively correlated with conventional pacing parameter impedance ( r=-0.32, P=0.037). There was no correlation with threshold and perception ( r values 0.08 and 0.01, P values 0.604 and 0.968, respectively). The damage current value at 0 minutes after the RVSP group electrode was in place was negatively correlated with the threshold ( r=-0.28, P=0.036). Conclusions:The COI value of LBBAP interventricular septum myocardium increased significantly after the electrode was rotated out. The COI value at 0 min after the electrode put in place was positively correlated with the interventricular septum thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness, and negatively correlated with the electrode impedance, but there was no correlation with threshold and perception.
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【Objective】 To study the risk factors of blood donors confirmed to be positive for syphilis, so as to avoid highrisk groups, guide the recruitment of blood donors and improve blood safety. 【Methods】 From September 2021 to August 2022, 44 514 blood samples were screened using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent reagents for syphilis, and the reactive samples were confirmed by TPPA. Blood collection time, blood collection location, blood donation numbers, gender, age, marital status and educational level of blood donors were taken as the prediction risk factors, and factors with statistically significant differences by univariate Logistic regression analysis were further analyzed using multivariate factor Logistic regression analysis to determine the final independent risk factors. 【Results】 A total of 121 syphilis antibody reactive samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 64 were confirmed positive by TPPA. Excluding those with incomplete information, a total of 44 505 blood donors were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in blood collection location, blood donation numbers, age and education level. 【Conclusion】 Based on the analysis results of risk factors of syphilis positive blood donors in Wuhu, it is necessary to strengthen the consultation of blood donors in blood donation sites. The high-risk groups are first-time blood donors over 50 years old, with education level of junior high school or below.
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Xiphoid elongation is a rare phenomenon where the xiphoid process elongates after stimuli such as surgery, physical therapy, or trauma. We report on a 47-year-old male involved in a traffic accident who went into cardiac arrest. He received ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation for nine minutes before recovery of cardiac rhythm, and transfer from a local hospital to the trauma center. He received management for hypotensive shock which was temporarily corrected using Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta, and underwent trauma laparotomy in which ileocolic artery ligation and a splenectomy were performed. Six months later, the patient reported epigastric discomfort when he bent over. A hard, linear mass was palpated along the upper midline incision scar and a computed tomography scan showed an elongated xiphoid process (10 cm). The patient underwent surgical excision, and electrocauterization of the xiphoid process. This is a rare case of xiphoid elongation following multiple stimuli to the xiphoid process.
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Background/Aims@#This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a nationwide representative database. @*Methods@#This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2007 and 2010. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the independent and synergistic (additive interaction) associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with NAFLD after adjusting for multiple covariates. @*Results@#The prevalence of NAFLD was 26.2% for men and 17.6% for women. In the fully adjusted multiple logistic regression model to examine the independent association of aerobic physical activity or resistance exercise with NAFLD, the odds ratios for NAFLD were significantly decreased in both men (p=0.03) and women (p<0.01) who had highly active aerobic physical activity. Regarding the frequency of resistance exercise, the odds ratio for NAFLD was decreased in men who did resistance exercise ≥5 days per week (p=0.04), but not in women (p=0.19). How-ever, when investigating the synergistic associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise, the odds ratios for NAFLD significantly decreased when the frequency of both exercises increased together in both men (p for interaction <0.01) and women (p for interaction<0.01). @*Conclusions@#Combining aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise had a synergistic preventive association for NAFLD in Korean men and women.
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Background@#The commercially available design of a three-dimensional (3D)–printed titanium (3D-Ti) cage can be divided into two types according to the presence of a window: a cage with a window that allows filling of bone graft materials and a non-window cage for stand-alone use. This prospective observational case series study aimed to explore the clinical feasibility of using a nonwindow type 3D-Ti cage in cases of combined window and non-window cage implantation. Furthermore, we evaluated the bone in growth patterns of non-window cages and their correlation with published fusion grading systems. @*Methods@#A total of 31 consecutive patients who underwent single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery were included. Two 3D-Ti cages with different designs were inserted: a non-window cage on the left side and a window cage on the right side.Radiographic fusion was defined by the segmental angle between flexion and extension radiographs (F-E angle) and cage bridging bone (CBB) scores on computed tomography. The association between the F-E angle and osteointegration scoring system including the surface osteointegration ratio (SOR) score was analyzed. @*Results@#Radiographic fusion was achieved in 27 of 31 patients (87%) at 12 months postoperatively. Among the non-window cages, 23 of 31 (74.2%) had fair SOR scores, while 19 of 31 (61.3%) window cages had fair intra-cage CBB scores. The higher the SOR score was, the smaller the flexion-extension angle (SOR 0 vs. SOR 1: 6.30° ± 2.43° vs. 1.95° ± 0.99°, p < 0.001; SOR 0 vs. SOR 2: 6.03° ± 2.43° vs. 0.99°± 0.74°, p < 0.001). @*Conclusions@#The clinical feasibility of using a non-window 3D-Ti cage during lumbar interbody fusion might be acceptable. Furthermore, a newly suggested fusion criterion for the use of the non-window cage, the SOR score, showed a significant association with the published fusion grading systems, demonstrating its feasibility in determining interbody fusion in lumbar spinal surgery.
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Occasionally, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) causes cord compression, resulting in cervical myelopathy. OPLL differs from other causes of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in several ways, and the surgical strategy should be chosen with OPLL’s characteristics in mind. Although both the anterior and posterior approaches are effective surgical methods for the treatment of OPLL cervical myelopathy, they each have their own set of benefits and drawbacks. Anterior decompression and fusion (ADF) may improve neurological recovery, restore lordosis, and prevent OPLL mass progression. The benefits can be seen in patients with a high canal occupying ratio or kyphotic alignment. We discussed the benefits, limitations, indications, and surgical techniques of ADF for the treatment of OPLL-induced cervical myelopathy in this narrative.
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Magnolol, a hydroquinone containing an allyl side chain, is one of the major active components of magnolia for antioxidation and anti-aging. To enhance the anti-aging activity and improve the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of magnolol, magnolol was reacted with cinnamic acid to obtain 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol by esterification. The anti-aging activity of magnolol 2-O-cinnamate was investigated based on Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results showed that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol can reduce lipofuscin accumulation in the nematode body, and the effect is better than that of magnolol. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol can extend nematode lifespan, reduce ROS levels in nematodes during normal aging and oxidative stress and improve nematode stress resistance under heat stress and oxidative stress. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol could induce DAF-16 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulate the expression of the sod-3 gene encoding superoxide dismutase in the nematode TJ356 expressing DAF-16 fused with GFP. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol did not improve the survival rate of hsp-16.2 gene deficient nematodes under oxidative stress, indicating that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol improves stress resistance of nematodes under oxidative stress may be associated with sod-3 and hsp-16.2. Moreover, 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol did not extend the lifespan of daf-16 and age-1 mutants, indicating that age-1 and daf-16 are required for 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol to delay aging. It showed that magnolol 2-O-cinnamic acid has the potential to improve antioxidant capacity and delay aging, and the mechanism may be related to the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.
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Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an advanced technology to study the transcriptome information at the single cell level. The application of this technology can attribute to analyze the heterogeneous map of cells in the process of disease development, and precisely identify the specific cell subsets that are responsive to pharmacological therapy. Currently, scRNA-seq technology has been widely applied in the field of drug research, including studies on therapeutic targets, drug-induced adverse reactions, drug resistance and vaccine. This work reviews the application of scRNA-seq technology in drug discovery, which offers a scientific basis for personalized and accurate medication therapy.
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Background Subways are typical congregate settings and may facilitate aerosol transmission of viruses. However, quantified transmission probability estimates are lacking. Purpose To model spread and diffusion of respiratory aerosols in subways by simulation and calculation of infection probabilities. Methods The internal environment of carriages of Shanghai Metro Line 10 was used to establish a study scene. The movement of tiny particles was simulated using the turbulent model. Trend analysis of infection probabilities and viral quantum doses was conducted in a closed subway carriage scene by a quantum emission-infection probability model. Results Under a typical twelve-vent air conditioning configuration, respiratory droplet aerosols within a subway carriage dispersed rapidly throughout various regions due to airflow, with limited short-term diffusion to other carriages. Concurrently, owing to the uncertainty of airflow patterns, the airflow might circulate and converge within carriages, causing delayed outward dispersion or hindered dispersion of droplet aerosols upon entry into these zones. Passengers boarding the carriage could exacerbate the formation of these zones. When the air conditioning system functioned adequately (air exchange rate=23.21 h−1), the probability of a virus carrier transmitting the virus to other passengers within the same carriage via aerosol transmission was approximately 3.8%. However, in the event of air conditioning system failure (air exchange rate=0.5 h−1), this probability escalated dramatically to 30%. Furthermore, a super-spreader (with virus spreading exceeding 90% of the average) elevated the infection probability to 14.9%. Additionally, due to the complexity of turbulence within the carriage, if local diffusion occurred in 1/2 zones of a carriage, the anticipated infection probability would increase to 8.9%, or during the morning or evening rush hours leading to elevated aerosol concentrations, the infection probability would rise to 4.7%. The subway transmission probability for common coronaviruses diminished to as low as 0.9%. Conclusion Combined computational fluid dynamics and infection probability analysis reveals that in the prevalent twelve-vent air conditioning configurations, despite being a major transportation hub with substantial spatial-temporal overlap, the internal space of subway carriages exhibits a certain level of resistance to virus aerosol transmission owing to built-in ventilation capabilities. However, turbulence and passenger positioning may lead to localized hovering of droplet aerosols, thereby increase the risk of virus transmission. Furthermore, super-spreaders, poor operational status of built-in air conditioning system, and high passenger volume at morning or evening peak hours exert profound effects on virus transmission and infection probability.
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Objective:To evaluate the value of B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation detection in the differentiating malignant from benign with Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (BSRTC) categories Ⅰ and Ⅲ nodules. Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020, a total of 264 nodules from 263 patients (79 males, 184 females; median age 46 years) were retrospectively enrolled and all patients underwent BRAF V600E mutation detection, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and thyroid nodulectomy in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. Thirteen nodules of 12 patients had repeat aspirate samples and 51 nodules were examined with multiple genes assay in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Taken the postoperative histopathological results as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficiency of BRAF V600E mutation was analyzed by comparing the results of multiple genes assay and BRAF V600E mutation detection of repeated puncture samples. Results:Of 264 nodules, 230 were malignant (papillary thyroid cancer (PTC)) and 34 were benign, with BSRTC categories Ⅰ (nondiagnostic) and Ⅲ (follicular lesion) nodules of 58 and 206. The sensitivities of BRAF V600E mutation detection in BSRTC categories Ⅰ and Ⅲ nodules were 77.1%(37/48) and 78.0%(142/182), the specificities were 9/10 and 91.7%(22/24), the positive predictive values were 97.4%(37/38) and 98.6%(142/144), the negative predictive values were 45.0%(9/20) and 35.5%(22/62), and the accuracy rates were 79.3%(46/58) and 79.6%(164/206). The diagnostic concordance of BRAF V600E mutation detection was 90.2%(46/51) in the preoperative and postoperative samples of 51 nodules with preoperative BRAF V600E wild type but postoperative pathology confirmed as PTC and was 11/13 in repeat puncture samples. Conclusion:BRAF V600E mutation detection is an effective diagnostic method for BSRTC categories Ⅰ and Ⅲ nodules.
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Objective:To study the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on sepsis in patients with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA).Methods:The clinical data of 116 patients with PLA treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from January 2021 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 64 males and 52 females, aged (62.3±12.6) years old. Patients were divided into DM group ( n=56) and non-DM group ( n=60), which were also divided into the sepsis group ( n=29) and the non-sepsis group ( n=87). The clinical features were compared among the groups, the risk factors of PLA complicated with sepsis were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Mediation model was used to analyze how DM affects the development of sepsis. Results:Compared with the non-DM group, patients in DM group had higher incidences of hypertension and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, a higher proportion of blood neutrophil count, a higher serum levels of triglyceride, urea nitrogen, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin at admission. The DM group also higher incidences of hypoproteinemia, pleural effusion, and sepsis, with longer hospital stay and higher hospitalization cost (all P<0.05). The levels of hemoglobin, albumin and hematocrit were lower in DM group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that comorbidity of DM ( OR=3.431, 95% CI: 1.245-9.455) and abscess with a larger diameter ( OR=1.664, 95% CI: 1.258-2.220) were associated with a higher risk of developing sepsis (all P<0.05). Mediation model showed that neutrophil count and triglyceride were the mediating variables of sepsis in patients with PLA. Conclusion:Comorbidity of diabetes is an independent risk factor of developing sepsis in patients with pyogenic liver abscess. Diabetes may induce sepsis by affecting the neutrophils and triglyceride.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the short-term efficacy, long-term efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).@*METHODS@#Forty-two patients with CP/CPPS were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (21 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a sham acupuncture group (21 cases). The patients in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at bilateral Zhongliao (BL 33), Huiyang (BL 35), Shenshu (BL 23) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6); the needling depth of Zhongliao (BL 33) and Huiyang (BL 35) was 60 to 80 mm, while Shenshu (BL 23) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) was directly punctured of 30 mm. The patients in the sham acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at non-acupoints, including points 2 cm next to Shenshu (BL 23), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Huiyang (BL 35), and the midpoint of the connecting line between the spleen meridian and the kidney meridian. All the non-acupoints were treated with directly puncture of 2 to 3 mm. The needles were left for 30 min in both groups, once every other day in the first four weeks, three times a week, and twice a week in the next four weeks, totally 20 treatments. Before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up of 24 weeks after treatment completion, the National Institutes of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) score and urinary flow rate were observed in both groups; the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, the pain and discomfort scores, urination symptoms scores, quality of life scores and total scores of NIH-CPSI in both groups were reduced after treatment in the two groups (P<0.01), while each item score and total score of NIH-CPSI in the acupuncture group were reduced in follow-up (P<0.01, P<0.05). After treatment and in follow-up, each item score and total score of NIH-CPSI in the acupuncture group were lower than those in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05, P<0.01). After treatment, the maximum and average urinary flow rates in the acupuncture group were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the average urinary flow rate in the acupuncture group was higher than that in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 75.0% (15/20) in the acupuncture group, which was higher than 42.9% (9/21) in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in the two groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms, improve quality of life, and has a sustained, safe and reliable therapeutic effect in patients with CP/CPPS.
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Male , Humans , United States , Prostatitis/therapy , Quality of Life , Acupuncture Therapy , Punctures , MeridiansABSTRACT
A variety of full 2ʹ-F/OMe-modified siRNAs were designed and synthesized, and the activity against hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and HepG2 cells was evaluated. K&A DNA/RNA H-8 synthesizer was used to synthesize siRNAs, and neutral cytidinyl lipid DNCA mixed with cationic lipid CLD were used to transfect siRNA. By RT-qPCR and CCK-8 assay, the target gene silence and the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells were detected. The siRNAs loading into Ago2 protein was detected by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation. Drug uptake and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of PLK1 protein was detected by Western blot. Partial full 2ʹ-F/OMe modified siRNAs, especial siPLK1A3, increased the uptake of Huh-7 cells, enhanced their binding to Ago2 and gene silencing activity, down-regulated PLK1 protein, as well as induced more Huh-7 cell apoptosis and proliferation inhibition activity. It provides important data for the development of novel siRNA modification patterns and anti-HCC formulations.
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Objective:Based on the business reengineering theory, to construct the emergency nursing process of acute massive hemoptysis in hospital and explore the effect of it.Methods:According to the order of hospitalization, 200 patients with acute massive hemoptysis admitted to the emergency department in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affilated to Tongji University from January to June in 2020 were selected as the control group, and the original treatment process was adopted. Two hundred patients admitted to the emergency department of this hospital from July to December in 2020 were selected as the experimental group, and the reconstructed in-hospital emergency nursing process for acute massive hemoptysis was applied. In both groups, the researchers recorded the time spent in each sub-process by using the in-hospital treatment time record of acute massive hemoptysis and collected the clinical outcomes of patients through electronic cases. The time-consuming, treatment efficiency and patient outcome of each link of the treatment process in the backyard of the two groups were compared.Results:Finally, 192 patients were enrolled in the control group and the experimental group. The median time from admission to intravenous use of hemostatic drugs and from admission to endovascular treatment in the experimental group were 21.50(20.00, 22.50) and 82.50(79.50, 84.50) min, which were lower than those in the control group which spent 40.87(37.06, 44.43) and 135.50(123.50, 147.00) min, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( Z=-16.84, 16.63, both P<0.01). The incidence of asphyxia caused by acute massive hemoptysis in the experimental group was 4.2%(8/192), which was lower than that in the control group, which was 13.0%(25/192) . There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of asphyxia between the two groups( χ2=9.58, P<0.01). Conclusions:The emergency nursing process of acute massive hemoptysis effectively shortens the time of in-hospital treatment of acute massive hemoptysis, further promotes the seamless connection of multiple links of in-hospital treatment of acute massive hemoptysis, and improves the overall efficiency of in-hospital treatment of patients with acute massive hemoptysis.
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Objective:To analyze the global incidence and mortality of cancer from 1990 to 2019.Methods:The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019) database was utilized to analyze the global incidence and mortality of cancer, the order of incidence and mortality of cancer, the incidence and mortality of different age groups, and the trend of incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019. Standardized incidence and mortality rates were derived by utilizing the world standard population age structure.Results:In 1990, global cancer cases numbered 10.295 9 million with an incidence rate of 192.45/100 000, leading to 5.732 6 million deaths and a mortality rate of 107.16/100 000. While in 2019, global cancer cases escalated to 23.568 5 million with an incidence rate of 304.60/100 000, resulting in 10.022 8 million deaths and a mortality rate of 129.54/100 000, all higher than those in 1990. In 2019, lung cancer showed the highest incidence rate of both sexes combined in the world (29.21/100 000), followed by colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and gastric cancer. The incidence of lung cancer was highest among males (39.24/100 000), while the incidence of breast cancer was highest among females (51.27/100 000). Lung cancer also had the highest mortality rate worldwide in both sexes combined (26.40/100 000), followed by colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. Lung cancer had the highest mortality among males (35.72/100 000), while breast cancer had the highest mortality among females (17.85/100 000). In 2019, the global cancer incidence rate showed an upward trend with age. The incidence rate was low before the age of 25, and increased rapidly after the age of 25. The incidence rates of both sexes combined, males and females all reached the peak in the age group of over 85 years old, which were 3 084.18/100 000, 4 434.81/100 000 and 2 353.07/100 000 respectively; The incidence rate of females in the age group of 20-50 years old was higher than that of males, but the incidence rate of males in the age group of over 55 years old was higher than that of females. Compared with 1990, the incidence rates of both sexes combined in the age group of over 20, of males over 55 years old, as well as of females over 15 years old, were all higher than those in 2019. In 2019, the global tumor mortality rate showed an upward trend with age. The mortality rate was relatively low before the age of 35, and increased rapidly after the age of 35. The mortality rates for both sexes combined, as well as for males and females, reached the peak in the age group of over 85 years old, which were 1 787.84/100 000, 2 509.87/100 000, and 1 369.99/100 000 respectively; The mortality rate of females in the age group of 20-40 years old was higher than that of males, and the mortality rate of males in the age group of over 45 years old was higher than that of females; For the age of 0-80 years old, the mortality rates for both sexes combined, males, and females were lower in 2019 than 1990, but higher in the age of 85 years old and above. The global standardized incidence rate of cancer showed an overall upward trend, with an average annual increase of 0.30% from 1990 to 2019. The global standardized mortality rate of cancer showed an overall downward trend, with an average annual decrease of 0.60% from 1990 to 2019.Conclusion:From 1990 to 2019, the global standardized incidence rate of cancers shows an overall upward trend, while the global standardized mortality rate of cancers has an overall downward trend, and the global incidence and mortality rate of cancers increases with age. The global burden of cancer disease is still heavy. Lung cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate in the world. The highest incidence rate is lung cancer among males, and breast cancer among females. Different countries or regions need to take corresponding cancer prevention and treatment strategies according to their actual conditions.
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Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and influence on quality of life of Compound Kunshen Injection combined with SOX regimen (Tigio + Oxaliplatin) in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods:A total of 76 elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer admitted to Caidian District People's Hospital of Wuhan from May 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into study group ( n=38) and control group ( n=38) according to different treatment methods. The study group was treated with Compound Kunshen Injection combined with SOX regimen, and the control group was treated with SOX regimen. All patients received at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The disease control rate (DCR) , the changes of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) before and after treatment of the two groups were compared. The occurrence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy and the improvement of quality of life related indicators before and after treatment were observed in the two groups. Results:The DCR of the study group was 84.2% (32/38) and that of the control group was 63.2% (24/38) , with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.34, P=0.037) . After treatment, CEA levels in both study group and control group were decreased compared with those before treatment [7.92 (5.00, 50.23) ng/ml vs. 40.08 (6.37, 68.18) ng/ml, Z=3.53, P<0.001; 40.24 (20.12, 53.69) ng/ml vs. 41.32 (11.50, 63.90) ng/ml, Z=2.06, P=0.044], and CEA level in the study group was decreased more significantly than that in the control group ( Z=1.99, P=0.048) . After treatment, CA199 levels in both study group and control group were decreased compared with those before treatment [20.23 (17.34, 71.31) U/ml vs. 70.14 (12.75, 96.95) U/ml, Z=2.70, P=0.007; 54.25 (30.54, 76.75) U/ml vs. 62.28 (23.00, 84.80) U/ml, Z=2.37, P=0.018], with no statistically significant difference in the reduction level of CA199 between the two groups ( Z=0.73, P=0.463) . Most of the adverse reactions in the two groups during chemotherapy were grade 1-2, which disappeared after symptomatic treatment. Compared with the control group, the study group had lower incidence of gastrointestinal reaction [26.3% (10/38) vs. 52.6% (20/38) , χ2=5.50, P=0.019], myelosuppression [18.4% (7/38) vs. 44.7% (17/38) , χ2=6.09, P=0.014] and peripheral neurotoxicity [21.1% (8/38) vs. 44.7% (17/38) , χ2=4.83, P=0.028]. The improvements of QOL score [78.9% (30/38) vs. 55.3% (21/38) , χ2=4.83, P=0.028], Karnofsky performance status score [71.1% (27/38) vs. 47.4% (18/38) , χ2=4.41, P=0.036], hemoglobin [73.7% (28/38) vs. 50.0% (19/38) , χ2=4.52, P=0.034] and pain control [65.8% (25/38) vs. 24.1% (16/38) , χ2=4.29, P=0.038] of the study group were better than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences. Conclusion:Compound Kunshen Injection combined with SOX regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer can not only improve the DCR of patients, but also reduce the serum levels of tumor markers CEA and CA199, among which the CEA decline is more obvious, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions of chemotherapy and improve the quality of life of patients.
ABSTRACT
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cerebral small vessel disease, mainly caused by β-amyloid deposition on the small vessels less than 200 μm in diameter in cortex and leptomeninges. CAA is a major cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly, especially lobar location. Early symptoms are insidious, and as the disease progress, they manifest as cerebral hemorrhage, cognitive decline, transient focal neurological episodes, cerebral infarction, epilepsy, headache, etc. MRI revealed that CAA is a disease in which bleeding and ischemia coexist, and even inflammation and immune responses are involved. MRI findings of CAA include cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral microbleeds, convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage and cortical superficial siderosis, cortical microinfarcts, CAA-associated inflammation, white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral atrophy and lacune, etc. The same patient often has several of the above manifestations, and each manifestation has different specificity for the diagnosis of CAA. The rapid development of MRI technology has led to the improvement of the diagnostic level of CAA, and it is of great clinical significance to understand these imaging findings. This article reviews the MRI findings of sporadic CAA.